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Almost all the functions of CPU (Central Processing Unit) of a computer are being incorporated by the microprocessor. All these functions are performed by it on a single IC. IC stands for integrated circuit. It was the period of 1970s when first unit of this kind surfaced in the computer industry and initial usage of this type of processor was in electronic calculators.
Initially BCD (binary-coded decimal) was the system which was used by these microprocessors in shape of 4-bit words to perform the instructions given on the electronic calculators. Usage of this processor type in other devices like printers, terminals and in several automatic devices was started in shape of 8-bit and or 4-bit microprocessors soon after the usage in electronic calculators.
When the usage of microcomputer was started in the 1970s in daily life, affordable microprocessors of 8-bit words were also the part of that electronic machine which was actually using the 16-bit addressing. Initial construction of the processors during the period of 1960s was being done with the help of medium or small scale integrated circuits and they were consisted of some hundred transistors. Some of them were also made of from few tens transistors.
Microprocessor
When whole CPU (Central Processing Unit) was being started integrated by its manufacturers on to a single chip, it really helped a lot to save processing power’s cost. Microprocessors were made and introduced in the computer industry by the companies “Garrett AiResearch’s Central Air Data Computer”, “Texas Instruments (TI) TMS 1000” and “Intel’s 4004” almost at the same time.